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Hepatitis E Virus in the Terai of Nepal: Community-Based Cohort Study of Pregnant Women in Sarlahi District and Investigation of the 2014 Outbreak in Biratnagar, Morang District
(Johns Hopkins University, 2016-07-28)
In South Asia, hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and poses a special threat to pregnant women. However, the burden of both infection and illness in the Terai of Nepal have received ...
Cancer outcomes among people with HIV in North America in the era of antiretroviral therapy
(Johns Hopkins University, 2018-05-17)
Background: Poorer cancer outcomes have been observed for people with HIV (PWH) including more advanced stage at diagnosis, lower uptake of cancer treatment, and higher mortality. However, these results have not been ...
Mandatory School Immunization Laws in the United States: Historical origins, policy implementation, and assessing the impact of strengthening exemption requirements
(Johns Hopkins University, 2018-02-05)
Problem Statement: High immunization coverage among school-age children has been achieved in the United States through the collaborative efforts of federal agencies, state administrations, health care providers, and medical ...
Mathematical modeling to guide programmatic decisions about the use of new tuberculosis drugs, regimens, and diagnostics
(Johns Hopkins University, 2018-06-14)
Statement of the Problem: Approximately ten million people develop tuberculosis (TB) each year, and this global incidence is declining at a rate of only 2% annually. New diagnostic assays and treatment regimens could improve ...
The Outbreak Potential for Measles and its Implications for Elimination
(Johns Hopkins University, 2017-12-15)
When the goal of measles elimination, or the absence of continuous transmission in a defined geographical area, was first proposed in 1962 by Alexander Langmuir, immediately prior to licensure of the first measles vaccine, ...
The Epidemiology of Severe Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes
(Johns Hopkins University, 2017-08-29)
The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the epidemiology of severe hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes by examining risk factors and health outcomes associated with severe hypoglycemia. Severe hypoglycemia is more common ...
KOREAN DIETARY PATTERNS AND THE PREVALENCE OF DIABETES, METABOLIC SYNDROME, AND SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-07-23)
This dissertation investigates the associations between dietary patterns, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and subclinical atherosclerosis. The literature on Asian dietary patterns and cardiovascular health is limited.
For ...
Characterization of Pertussis Risk and Antibody Transfer in Infants in Sarlahi District, Nepal: A Community-Based Prospective Cohort Study
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-12-02)
Background: Pertussis is estimated to cause 2% of childhood deaths globally and is a growing public health problem. Infants are at greatest risk of morbidity and mortality. Maternal vaccination during pregnancy may be ...
Depression, Methamphetamine use, and Alcohol Consumption among Thai Youth in Chiang Mai Province: The Exploration of Perceptions of Depression and Associations between Substance Use and Depressive Symptoms
(Johns Hopkins University, 2013-12-18)
Background: Methamphetamine use and alcohol consumption have reached epidemic levels among rural Thai adolescents and young adults in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. High levels of depressive symptoms often occur among ...
Obesity, Weight Distribution and Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
(Johns Hopkins University, 2015-05-01)
Background: Elevated body mass index (BMI) has been associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in surgical and critically ill patients. Less is known about the relationship between obesity and AKI in the population-based ...