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The Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Coreceptor Preference on Entry and Tropism Specific Phenotypes
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-07-08)
During HIV type 1 (HIV-1) entry, trimers of viral gp120 proteins attach to CD4 molecules and to CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors on the target cell. A virus is defined as R5 tropic if it uses CCR5 coreceptors and X4 tropic if it ...
The Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Cancer Survival in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women’s Interagency HIV Study
(Johns Hopkins University, 2015-04-24)
OBJECTIVES: To characterize and compare cancer survival among HIV-infected and –uninfected individuals diagnosed with cancer in the pre-HAART (1984-1994) and the HAART (1995-2013) eras, and to describe cancer survival in ...
Metabolism of Antiretroviral Drugs Used in HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-06-16)
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis is the use of antiretroviral drugs, including dapivirine and tenofovir, in uninfected individuals to prevent the establishment of infection. Dapivirine is being developed as a topical microbicide ...
Couple Partnership Dynamics and Relationship Satisfaction in Swaziland and Implications for HIV Prevention
(Johns Hopkins University, 2015-01-20)
Background
The dynamics and quality of a person’s sexual relationships are critical influencers of his or her mental, emotional, and physical health. Men and women in Swaziland who are engaged in multiple or concurrent ...
The epidemiology of glomerular hyperfiltration among men with HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-10-23)
Background Men infected with HIV and receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy are at higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities as well as accelerated renal function decline and chronic kidney disease ...
Changing Trends of Drug Initiation among People who Inject Drugs in the ALIVE Study
(Johns Hopkins University, 2015-07-02)
This study assessed whether or not the initial drugs and routes of administrations of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Baltimore have changed over time. With over 2 million PWID in North America, injection drug use is ...
Risk factors for poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy by pregnancy status in two urban cohorts of women living with HIV in the United States and South Africa
(Johns Hopkins University, 2016-04-20)
Introduction: Many women living with HIV around the world are in their reproductive years. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and viral suppression are of particular importance before, during, and after pregnancy ...
Residual Viremia, Cure Strategies, and Tissue Reservoirs in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
(Johns Hopkins University, 2015-08-03)
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is a retrovirus that primarily infects immune cells bearing CD4 and either CCR5 or CXCR4. It is transmitted horizontally through contact with infected bodily fluids via intravenous ...
LIVER-RELATED MORTALITY DURING THE HAART ERA IN MACS AND WIHS
(Johns Hopkins University, 2016-04-22)
It is not clear how the risk of liver-related mortality (LRM) among people infected with HIV has changed during the 20 years since the introduction of HAART; Thus, this study was designed to 1) characterize changes in ...
Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Activation and HIV-1 Disease Progression in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-11-14)
Background: Progression of HIV-1 disease is characterized by chronic inflammation and immune activation, the precise mechanisms of which remain unclear. While the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has ...