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ACQUISITION OF HIV AND GENITAL TRACT INFECTION AMONG INJECTABLE PROGESTIN CONTRACEPTION USERS IN SOUTH AFRICA: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-11-07)
Background
Effective contraception contributes substantially to reduced risk for maternal mortality. Some observational studies have noted increased HIV acquisition among women using injectable progestin contraceptives ...
Same-Sex Behavior Disclosure and HIV Prevention among African American Men who have Sex with Men
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-01-26)
Disclosure of same-sex behaviors to health care providers and female sex partners has the potential of being an important aspect of HIV prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM). Disclosure to health care providers ...
Childbearing desires and experiences of people living with HIV and safer conception in Iringa, Tanzania
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-10-01)
Background: Many people living with HIV (PLHIV) continue to desire and have children after being diagnosed with HIV. Yet they often lack information on safer conception and face barriers accessing quality reproductive ...
Metabolism of Antiretroviral Drugs Used in HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-06-16)
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis is the use of antiretroviral drugs, including dapivirine and tenofovir, in uninfected individuals to prevent the establishment of infection. Dapivirine is being developed as a topical microbicide ...
The Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Coreceptor Preference on Entry and Tropism Specific Phenotypes
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-07-08)
During HIV type 1 (HIV-1) entry, trimers of viral gp120 proteins attach to CD4 molecules and to CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors on the target cell. A virus is defined as R5 tropic if it uses CCR5 coreceptors and X4 tropic if it ...
The epidemiology of glomerular hyperfiltration among men with HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-10-23)
Background Men infected with HIV and receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy are at higher risk of metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities as well as accelerated renal function decline and chronic kidney disease ...
Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Activation and HIV-1 Disease Progression in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-11-14)
Background: Progression of HIV-1 disease is characterized by chronic inflammation and immune activation, the precise mechanisms of which remain unclear. While the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has ...
The Molecular Mechanism of HIV Entry
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-03-26)
One of today’s greatest health challenges is stopping the spread of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV’s only surface protein is the envelope glycoprotein (Env), therefore Env is a major target for HIV intervention ...
A review of HIV restriction factors and viral countering mechanisms
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-05-05)
Human immune system is powerful and it has evolved over the past thousands of years to protect us from various foreign pathogens. In fact, very few pathogens can threaten a man with a competent immune system. The notorious ...
THE IMPACT OF NUTRITIONAL AND INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKER LEVELS ON CD4 RECOVERY TO 96 WEEKS IN A TREATMENT-NAÏVE HIV-POSITIVE COHORT
(Johns Hopkins University, 2014-04-24)
Background
As antiretroviral therapy (ART) becomes more widespread globally, it is important to investigate factors which have an effect on HIV progression in order to determine the best intervention for individual patients. ...